Stone-Curlews and Thick-knees

• Europe: Eurasian Stone-Curlew.
• Africa: Eurasian Stone-Curlew, Senegal Thick-knee, Water Thick-knee and Spotted Thick-knee.
• Asia: Eurasian Thick-knee and Great Thick-knee.
• Australasia: Bush Thick-knee, and Beach Thick-knee.
• Central and South America: Double-striped Thick-knee and Peruvian Thick-knee.

Ten species within the Burhinidae comprising eight species in the genus Burhinus, and two species in the genus Esacus.

• Eurasian Stone-Curlew Burhinus oedicnemus (‘Charadrius Oedicnemus’ Linnaeus 1758)

∗ B. o. oedicnemus (Linnaeus 1758)
∗ B. o. distinctus (Bannerman 1914)
∗ B. o. insularum (Sassi 1908)
∗ B. o. saharae (Reichenow 1894)
∗ B. o. harterti (Vaurie 1963)

• Indian Stone-Curlew B. indicus (‘Oedicnemus indicus’ Salvadori 1865)
• Senegal Thick-knee B. senegalensis (‘Œdicnemus senegalensis’ Swainson 1837)
• Water Thick-knee B. vermiculatus (‘Oedicnemus vemiculatus’ Cabanis 1868)

∗ B. v. vermiculatus (Cabanis 1868)
∗ B. v. buettikoferi (Reichenow 1898)

• Spotted Thick-knee B. capensis (‘Oedicnemus capensis’ Lichtenstein 1823)

∗ B. c. capensis (Lichtenstein 1823)
∗ B. c. maculosus (Temminck 1824)
∗ B. c. dodsoni (Ogilvie-Grant 1899)
∗ B. c. damarensis (Reichenow 1905)

• Double-striped Thick-knee B. bistriatus (‘Charadrius bistriatus‘ Wagler 1829)

∗ B. s. bistriatus (Wagler 1829)
∗ B. s. dominicensis (Cory 1883)
∗ B. s. pediacus (Wetmore & Borrero 1964)
∗ B. s. vocifer (L’Herminier 1837)

• Peruvian Thick-knee B. superciliaris (‘Oedicnenus [sic] superciliaris’ Tschudi1843)
• Bush Thick-knee B. grallarius (‘Charadrius grallarius’ Latham 1801)
• Great Thick-knee Esacus recurvirostris (‘Œdicnemus recurvirostris’ Cuvier 1829)
• Beach Thick-knee E. magnirostris (‘Œdicnemus magnirostris’ Vieillot 1818)

• Occasionally included in Gruiformes with the bustards.
• Both Esacus species have at times been lumped into Burhinus.
• Beach Thick-knee was given own genus Orthorhamphus.
• Indian Stone-Curlew considered a subspecies of Eurasian Stone Curlew by some authors.
• Bush Stone Curlew originally described by Latham, but he described two species grallarius and magnirostris both of which were Bush Stone-Curlew. This caused problems later when Beach Thick-knee Esacus magrnirostris was propsed to be subsumed into Burhinus as both would then have the same name. This was resolved as the first reviser of the Latham’s birds was Gould who used grallarius, thus removing the magnirostris confusion from the matter. However they are now considered separate genera so the problem no longer applies.

• BirdLife International: IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 26/03/2020
• del Hoyo, Josep, Andrew Elliot & Jordi Sargatal: Handbook of the Birds of the World – Vol. 3 (1996)
• Hayman, Peter, John Marchant & Tony Prater: Shorebirds – An identification guide to the waders of the world (1986)
• HBW Alive https://www.hbw.com/
• Jobling, James A.: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names (2010)
• Seebohm, Henry: The Geographical Distribution of the Family Charadriidae, or, The Plovers, Sandpipers, Snipes, and Their Allies (1888)